Chapter 13 can help you repay many debts through a structured plan, but it does not erase every obligation. Some debts survive even after you complete all required payments. Understanding these limits helps you plan for life after the case ends. It also reduces confusion about what relief Chapter 13 can and cannot provide. Clear expectations make the process less stressful.
Domestic support obligations remain owed
Child support and spousal support do not qualify for discharge under Chapter 13. These debts receive priority status and must stay current throughout the repayment plan. Any past-due amounts usually require full payment through the plan. Ongoing support payments continue outside the plan during the case. Falling behind can lead to dismissal or loss of bankruptcy protections.
Most student loans survive Chapter 13
Most student loans remain owed after Chapter 13 ends. This rule applies to both federal and private student loans. Discharge requires proving undue hardship, which involves a separate court process and a demanding legal standard. As a result, many filers finish the plan with student loan balances still in place. Chapter 13 can still pause collection efforts while the case remains open.
Certain tax debts and penalties stay in place
Some income tax debts do not qualify for discharge in Chapter 13. Recent taxes, unfiled returns, or taxes tied to evasion or false information usually remain owed. Timing rules related to filing dates and assessments play a major role in discharge decisions. Many tax penalties linked to nondischargeable taxes also survive the case. Older income taxes may qualify only when strict legal requirements are met.
Long-term and secured debts may continue
Some debts continue because they extend beyond the Chapter 13 plan period. Mortgages and other long-term secured debts often survive when payments continue under the original loan terms. Chapter 13 may help cure missed payments, but it does not erase the underlying obligation. Liens tied to nondischargeable debts can also remain enforceable. Finishing the plan does not automatically eliminate these responsibilities.
